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It should be noted that programming is much more than just writing code, but also involves problem solving and project planning (time-lining).
The Input.c module might include routines such as InputInteger, InputDouble, InputString, etc.
Each data type nominally has a separate but similar function declaration.
Suppose you desired to add a new data type to your library, for example complex: You would need to modify every file in your collection in order to define new functions such as InputComplex, OutputComplex, NewComplexArray, etc.
The Complex class, as it is referred to in C++, would define all of the “methods or tasks that one would like to perform on that object”. Examples: add, subtract, multiply, divide, input, output, and even trig functions like sin (complex), cos (complex), etc., would be defined within the Complex.cc module. Note that adding new data types now localises the changes to a select set of source and definitions. On the other hand, deciding that a set of classes all need a new “method” (e.g., additive inverse), would mean that all of the classes needing this new method now must be modified. Object-oriented design works best when the verbs (procedures) describing a problem are well understood, but the types of nouns (classes) are not easily categorised. This is most often the case when the problem size is large, in which case the number of unique nouns greatly exceeds the number of verbs. For “small” problems, where there are few types of nouns, procedurally-oriented design may actually be superior to object-oriented design.
With modular programming procedures of a common functionality are grouped together into separate modules. A program therefore no longer consists of only one single part. It is now divided into several smaller parts which interact through procedure calls and which form the whole program. Each module can have its own data. This allows each module to manage an internal state which is modified by calls to procedures of this module. However, there is only one state per module and each module exists at most once in the whole program.
The C++ Programming Language is basically an extension of the C Programming Language. The C Programming language was developed from 1969-1973 at Bell labs, at the same time the UNIX operating system was being developed there. C was a direct descendant of the language B, which was developed by Ken Thompson as a systems programming language for the fledgling UNIX operating system. B, in turn, descended from the language BCPL which was designed in the 1960s by Martin Richards while at MIT. In 1971 Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs extended the B language (by adding types) into what he called NB, for "New B". Ritchie credits some of his changes to language constructs found in Algol68, although he states "although it [the type scheme], perhaps, did not emerge in a form that Algol's adherents would approve of" After restructuring the language and rewriting the compiler for B, Ritchie gave his new language a name: "C".
“Traditional C” is the original dialect which was distributed for many years with all Unix systems
ANSI C is an improved dialect standardised by ANSI.
In 1983, with various versions of C floating around the computer world, ANSI established a committee that eventually published a standard for C in 1989. In 1983 Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs created C++. C++ was designed for the UNIX system environment, it represents an enhancement of the C programming language and enables programmers to improve the quality of code produced, thus making reusable code easier to write.
The characteristics specified above define the language and also have lead to its popularity as a programming language.
There are a few C compilers that accept only traditional C, an older books often use this dialect for example programs, so it is important to be aware of it. Since, compiler can catch certain common programming errors in an ANSI C program that would not be caught in a traditional C program, a person newly learning C is well-advised to learn the ANSI dialect.
A properly-written ANSI C program will be accepted by a C++ compiler. However, many traditional C programs will NOT be accepted. Given the growing popularity of C++, this is another good reason for learning ANSI C rather than traditional C.
A properly-written ANSI C program will be accepted by a C++ compiler. However, many traditional C programs will NOT be accepted. Given the growing popularity of C++, this is another good reason for learning ANSI C rather than traditional C.
Its main drawback is that it has poor error detection which can make it off putting to the beginner.
Here is a division of the software development process into its five basic components:
1.Analysis – analyzes and specifies problem domain and application domain of project
2.Design – divides application into its logical sub-systems and specifies interfaces between subsystems
3.Programming – Designs and implements subsystems of project
4.Testing – tests individual subsystems
5.Installation – assembles subcomponents into complete system, performs system wide validation, documents system behaviour.
In Microsoft C, the compiler command compiles a C source file and then links the OBJ file, assuming that no syntax errors exist.
In a well-orchestrated software development, the designers will have input in the analysis, the programmers into the design, and etc. Good programmers will negotiate with the design creators to improve te system architecture to facilitate good subsystem design and a smooth implementation path of the software. Supposing that a good software design exists, the programmer(or programming team more generally) must develop a cohesive plan of which order the elements the subsystems should be developed in. Note that in general not all elements are generated simultaneously! Attempting to do so would certainly result in a hacked-up mess.